1. Myozyme Infusion (MI)

A Myozyme Infusion (MI) consists of two cycles: the Infusion Cycle (IC) and the Line-Flushing Cycle (LFC).

1.1 Infusion Cycle (IC)

The Infusion Cycle (IC), in turn, consists of two smaller cycles:


1. Copper ReTransport Cycle (CRTC)

2. Higher Charging Cycle (HCC)


Also, the Infusion Cycle (IC) has three effects and creates one process.


Effects:

1. Energization Effect (EE)

2. Higher Charging Effect (HCE)

3. Myozyme Cycle (MC)

Process:

1. Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP)


Note that, for simplicity, the residual Myozyme (M) left in the infusion set and tubing after an Infusion Cycle (IC), is considered part of the Line-Flushing Cycle (LFC).


In summary, the different components that are part of a Myozyme Infusion (MI) can be depicted as follows:

1.1.1 Energization Effect (EE)

The Energization Effect (EE) starts with the first drop of Myozyme (M):

1.1.1.1 Nerve Variation (NV)

The Nerve Variation (NV) is a nerve pulse that follows a specific pattern and is bound to a system called Nerve Level System (NLS). The pattern of the nerve pulse consists of a series of pressure levels, segmented by 4 Switching Points (SPs), and which continuously repeat in a cycle, called the Nerve Cycle (NC):

1.1.1.1.1 Nerve Level System (NLS)

The Nerve Level System (NLS) refers to a physical level system where each level is defined as a different state of the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS). The following definitions will be used throughout the text:


1. Nervous System (NS)


Is defined as the sum of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):

1.1.1.1.2 Nerve Variations Dynamics (NVsDs)

The Nerve Variations Dynamics (NVsDs) describe in detail the interaction between the Nerve Variations (NVs) and the Nerve Level System (NLS). This interaction allows to switch from one level to the next and also to get an understanding of how the Nerve Level System (NLS) works.


The Nerve Levels (NLs) presented earlier are not static as depicted in the images, but are rather created dynamically by "charging" them, and are destroyed by "discharging" them.

1.1.1.1.2.1 Nerve Level System Scaling Effect (NLSSE)

There is an important effect inherent to the charging and discharging operations of Nerve Levels (NLs): Nerve Level System Scaling Effect (NLSSE).


The Nerve Level System Scaling Effect (NLSSE) consists of charging the entire Nerve Level System (NLS) whenever Nerve Levels (NLs) are charged, and discharging the entire Nerve Level System (NLS) whenever Nerve Levels (NLs) are discharged:

1.1.1.1.2.2 Logical Nerve Level Systems (LogNLSs)

The Logical Nerve Level Systems (LogNLSs) refer to a logical separation of the physical Nerve Level System (NLS) into two smaller Nerve Level Systems (NLSs), based on its scale. This allows for the following definitions:


1. Lower Nerve Level System (LNLS)


This refers to a scale of the Nerve Level System (NLS) where the Nerve Cycle (NC) can still be sampled at the Nerve Sampling Point (NSP) and Nerve Sampling Region (NSR).

2. Higher Nerve Level System (HNLS)


This refers to a scale of the Nerve Level System (NLS) where the Nerve Cycle (NC) can not be sampled anymore at the Nerve Sampling Point (NSP) or the Nerve Sampling Region (NSR).


The Higher Nerve Level System (HNLS) is especially important because it is at this scale that the Myozyme Cycle (MC) is charged and discharged.


The following image gives a visual overview of both Logical Nerve Level Systems (LogNLSs):

1.1.1.1.2.3 Eyesight Stress Effect (ESE)

When making use of the eyes, an immediate nerve irritation happens below the Eye Sensing Zones (ESZs), in the Teeth Sensing Zone (TSZ), Throat Sensing Tracts (ThSTs), Torso Sensing Tracts (ToSTs), Plex (P), upto the Stomach Rectangle (STOR), in that order:

1.1.1.2 Energization Modes (EMs)

The Energization Effect (EE) introduced at the beginning of the chapter, requires two important additions.


The first one is, that the energization is perceived through an invigorated, highly regular Nerve Variation (NV) which can be described as a normal Nerve Variation (NV) but on steroids. In contrast, Nerve Variations (NVs) without energization, are not very regular:

1.1.2 Higher Charging Effect (HCE)

The Higher Charging Effect (HCE) is the second effect of a Myozyme Infusion (MI) and consists of charging the Higher Nerve Level System (HNLS) during the Infusion Cycle (IC), specifically during the Higher Charging Cycle (HCC):

1.1.2.1 Copper Camouflage Effect (CCE)

The Copper Camouflage Effect (CCE) occurs in the last Nerve Level Frame (NLF), frame 2, and follows the same dynamic explained earlier in this chapter, with a small difference. Upon reaching the Highest Point (HP) of Nerve Level Boundary (NLB) 3, a patient with Pompe Disease (PD) has no symptoms related to Excess Copper (ExCu) in the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS), and almost no Nerve Toxicity (NT).


Since the Nerve State (NSt) was defined in 1.1.1.1.1 Nerve Level System (NLS), it is worth observing its properties at the Highest Point (HP):

1.1.2.1.1 Glutathione (G)

Glutathione (G) is one of the antioxidants produced by the human body, and is sometimes used as a dietary supplement. The author discovered Glutathione (G) by recommendation and was positively surprised by its effects on Pompe Disease (PD) symptomatology.


The Glutathione (G) used came in form of a liquid:

1.1.2.2 Two Myozyme Cycles (TMCs)

The predominant belief regarding Myozyme (M) and how long it is stored in the body is that of 14 days. At least, that is the information that is officially available.


This could not be corroborated, however.


The observable effects of Myozyme (M), after a standard Myozyme Infusion (MI), last for at least 17 days. But because of the discharging operation of the Higher Nerve Level System (HNLS), after 14 days and approximately 4 hours, the Higher Nerve Level System (HNLS) is nearly empty and the beneficial effects of the residual Myozyme (M) are too weak to be of any benefit to the patient.

For the sake of completeness, two Myozyme Cycles (MCs) will be defined to honor these experimental observations:


1. Logical Myozyme Cycle (LMC)

The usual Myozyme Cycle (MC) with a duration of 14 days.

2. Physical Myozyme Cycle (PMC)

The real Myozyme Cycle (MC) with a duration of at least 17 days.


Almost all this text refers to the Logical Myozyme Cycle (LMC), which is simply referred to as Myozyme Cycle (MC).

1.1.2.3 Myozyme Catastrophe I (MCAT-I)

During the author's investigations for this work, a surprising discovery was made when measuring the duration for the Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP).


One day, the infusion device would not start because of an unexpected configuration error. Promptly, 2 nurses would appear to try to solve it, eventually starting the device as usual.


The author's only concern at the time was that the Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) could be affected negatively by not getting enough enzyme on time (when the infusion device does not pump the fluid into the vein, only as much fluid as can flow in by gravity reaches the vein, which is far less).

Note that, this was an assumption because there was no possibility to experiment with the Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP). All the author could do was to measure its duration and sample its working inside the body.


To put this into context, the following table contains the steps for a usual Myozyme Infusion (MI), and for the unusual one for that day:

1.1.3 Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP)

The Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) is the first process during an Infusion Cycle (IC), specifically during the Copper ReTransport Cycle (CRTC). This process is responsible for retransporting part of the Excess Copper (ExCu) accumulated in the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS). It is the most important process of a Myozyme Infusion (MI).


The Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) can be viewed as a sequence of events, or phases. The phases involved, along with measured time values, are listed in the next table:

1.1.4 Complete Infusion Cycle (CoIC)

A Complete Infusion Cycle (CoIC) is shown below:

1.2 Line-Flushing Cycle (LFC)

The Line-Flushing Cycle (LFC) consists of an additional infusion of sodium chloride used to flush the tubing line, which still contains some of the Myozyme Solution (MS). In the author's observations, once the Line-Flushing Cycle (LFC) has been started, it takes less than 1 minute for the body to switch from Energization Mode (EM) 1 to 0, efectively giving start to the Myozyme Cycle (MC).


The rest of the 1L sodium chloride is, with regards to Pompe Disease (PD), useless.

1. Myozyme Cycle (MC)

The Myozyme Cycle (MC) can be analyzed as a single big Nerve Variation (NV) that extends across 14 days. That means, that the associated Nerve Cycle (NC) extends across 14 days, too:

1.1 Nested Myozyme Cycle (NMC)

A key aspect of the Myozyme Cycle (MC) is the nesting of Nerve Variations (NVs). This is an important addition to the Nerve Variation (NV) detailed in 1.1 Nerve Variation (NV).


The Nested Nerve Variations (NNVs) are subject to the Higher Nerve Level System (HNLS) too.


A Myozyme Cycle (MC) that is represented or refers to its main Nerve Variation (NV) of 14 days and its Nested Nerve Variations (NNVs) which are less than 14 days, is designated as a Complete Myozyme Cycle (CMC).


A Complete Myozyme Cycle (CMC) is represented as follows:

1.1.1 Characteristics Of Nerve Variations (ChONVs)

Nerve Variations (NVs) are defined with the following set of properties:


1. Type


Higher for a Nerve Variation (NV) pertaining to the Higher Nerve Level System (HNLS), and lower for a Nerve Variation (NV) pertaining to the Lower Nerve Level System (LNLS).


2. Scalability


Scalability of a Nerve Variation (NV) depends on the current Energization Mode (EM):

1.1.2 Pumping-In Process (PIP)

The Pumping-In Process (PIP) is one of two relevant processes that are part of a Myozyme Cycle (MC).


The Nerve Variations (NVs) at certain scales, generate so much fluid in the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS), that they become easily visible. In fact, these fluids were so abundant, that back in 2011 when the author started his Myozyme Therapy (MT), the designation for this surprisingly obvious process was that of "inner shower".

The abundant fluid that got generated, of course, also contained Nerve Toxicity (NT) which, as per the above explanations, had a different type in each Pumping-In Process (PIP). The dynamics of these inner fluid movements, however, remained more or less the same.


To fully describe the Pumping-In Process (PIP), a certain region in the body needs to be described: the Plex (P).

1.1.2.1 Soaking-In/Pumping-In Process (SIPIP)

The Soaking-In/Pumping-In Process (SIPIP) is besides the Pumping-In Process (PIP) detailed above, the second most relevant process that is part of a Myozyme Cycle (MC).


The Soaking-In/Pumping-In Process (SIPIP) is not part of a Nerve Variation (NV), at least not in its entirety. Because of its similarity to the Pumping-In Process (PIP) and its relevance, it is detailed in this section.


The Plex (P) was already introduced in 1.1.2 Pumping-In Process (PIP). In addition, two other regions need to be described:


1. Stomach Rectangle (STOR)


This region is depicted in the following image:

1.1.2.1.1 MENTOS Effect (ME)

The MENTOS Effect (ME) consists of a sensation that is analogous to the sensation left in the mouth after chewing a MENTOS mint for a while:

1.2 Nerve State (NSt)

The Nerve State (NSt) changes constantly during the course of a Myozyme Cycle (MC). The Nerve State (NSt) was formally introduced in 1.1.1.1.1 Nerve Level System (NLS) with 5 properties. The two most relevant Nerve State (NSt) properties with regards to symptoms, are the Nerve Toxicity (NT) and Nerve Pressure (NP), properties 1 and 4 respectively.


Before continuing on to the description of these two properties, yet another cycle must be introduced: Daily Cycle (DC).

1.2.1 Daily Cycle (DC)

The Daily Cycle (DC) is a cycle that repeats every 24 hours, starting at 10:00h-11:00h of each day. This cycle contains two other nested cycles, Nested Cycle (NC) 1, and Nested Cycle (NC) 2, of which the most notable one is the first one, and which consequently starts at 10:00h-11:00h and ends at 22:00h-23:00h. The time ranges are given because the Daily Cycle (DC) is not always accurate to the minute.


The single reason for the definition of this cycle is its relationship to the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS). At the time the Nested Cycle (NC) 1 starts, the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS) is levelled-up. When the Nested Cycle (NC) 1 ends, the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS) is levelled-down again. Levelling-up/-down means that the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS) feels like it has been activated/deactivated.

The terms that best describe the feeling after a level-up, are: cold, energized, filled with some kind of substance, and higher pressure. The terms that best describe the feeling after a level-down, are: very low pressure, rigidity, lack of the substance that was filled in at the level-up.


The Daily Cycle (DC) is not considered part of Pompe Disease (PD), nor as an effect of the Myozyme Infusion (MI). Rather, it may be related to the biorhythm, since this cycle was also observable without Myozyme Infusions (MIs), and even before the author showed his first symptoms of Pompe Disease (PD).


A depiction of a full Daily Cycle (DC), with its Nested Cycles (NCs) and time points:

1.2.2 Nerve Toxicity (NT)

As described in the chapter CHEMISTRY, the Nerve Toxicity (NT) in the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS) is constantly changing during a Myozyme Cycle (MC). This is because of two factors:


1. Overburdening level

2. Nested Nerve Variations (NNVs)


A Complete Myozyme Cycle (CMC) shows how many different Nerve Variations (NVs) affect the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS) at any single point in time.

Since all Nerve Variations (NVs), including the nested Nerve Variations (NVs), are constantly generating Nerve Toxicity (NT), the resulting Nerve Toxicity (NT) is the cross total of the Nerve Toxicity (NT) of all active Nerve Variations (NVs) at any measured point in time. This cross sum results in a Compound Nerve Toxicity (CNT).


As an example, for the Complete Myozyme Cycle (CMC) from 1.1 Nested Myozyme Cycle (NMC), the Compound Nerve Toxicity (CNT) of the highlighted point in time, would be:

1.2.2.1 The 10-Days-Phenomenon (10DAYS)

The 10-Days-Phenomenon (10DAYS) is the reported effective duration of the Myozyme Infusion (MI) of just 10 days, instead of 14 days as a patient would expect. This phenomenon occurs on day 10 and has two causes:


1. A High Nerve Toxicity (HNT) pumped in at ~8:00h by a Pumping-In Process (PIP)

2. A Switching Point (SP) at ~00:00h that starts a segment with a High Nerve Toxicity (HNT)

1.2.2.2 The Wonder Of Mirtazapin (WONMIRT)

Besides the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS), there is another region in the body that segregates high loads of High Nerve Toxicity (HNT) during a Myozyme Cycle (MC). This region receives the name of Stomach-U (STOU), and is shown in the following image:

1.2.2.3 Nerve Wandering (NW)

The Nerve Wandering (NW) is a phenomenon that occurs during a Myozyme Cycle (MC) and is strongly tied to the symptomatology of Pompe Disease (PD). Nerve Wandering (NW) consists of a continuous displacement of the focus of Nerve Toxicity (NT) and Nerve Pressure (NP) between different regions in the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS):

1.2.2.4 N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

N-acetylcysteine is a drug used to treat bronchopulmonary disorders like pneumonia and bronchitis, and is also used in cases of paracetamol overdose. In this last case, it works by increasing the levels of Glutathione (G). Because of the positive effects of Glutathione (G), the author decided to try out N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a dietary supplement and observe any effects on the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS).


The N-acetylcysteine (NAC) used came in form of white powder:

1.2.3 Nerve Pressure (NP)

The Nerve Pressure (NP) is the second most relevant Nerve State (NSt) property with regards to symptoms in Pompe Disease (PD). During a Myozyme Cycle (MC), the Nerve Pressure (NP) across the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS) changes very slowly because of Nerve Wandering (NW). There are two regions in the body that are of special interest:

1.3 Copper (Cu)

The Excess Copper (ExCu) or, more specifically, the excess of Copper (Cu) ions in the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS), is the primary factor responsible for symptoms in the Pompe Disease (PD). The reason it is listed after Nerve Toxicity (NT) is related to structural text decisions, not rational ones.


The Excess Copper (ExCu) in Pompe Disease (PD) affects the entire body. Even if most of the time the Excess Copper (ExCu) only traverses through the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS), also the Brain (B) is affected to some extent because of the Soaking-In/Pumping-In Process (SIPIP), detailed in 1.1.2.1 Soaking-In/Pumping-In Process (SIPIP). By affecting the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS), any physical activity in the body is a high burden for the body. This makes Excess Copper (ExCu) the most disabling factor in Pompe Disease (PD).


An important point regarding the Myozyme Cycle (MC) and Excess Copper (ExCu) is that, by the author's own experimentation, it is impossible to damage the nerves of the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS) during a Myozyme Cycle (MC). This does not come to say it is impossible, just that the necessary overburden for the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS) would be so high that it was deemed to be practically impossible. This highly contrasts to the effects of Excess Copper (ExCu) outside of the Myozyme Cycle (MC) where it can easily damage any section of the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS).


Excess Copper (ExCu) is accumulated as a consequence of the intake of food. If this food has higher amounts of Copper (Cu), more Copper (Cu) will be accumulated, and vice versa. In general, the same dietary recomendations for patients of Wilson Disease (WD) should be followed by every patient with Pompe Disease (PD).


Having gone through the whole range of Excess Copper (ExCu) amounts, from 100%* in 2011 to 0% as of 2023, the following 5 stages can be observed:

• Stage I: 100% (2004-2011)

The first stage predates the Myozyme Therapy (MT). During this stage, symptoms were only due to Excess Copper (ExCu) accumulation and movement across the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS). In the author's case, the Excess Copper (ExCu) led to bedriddenness. Movement of Excess Copper (ExCu) is detailed in 1.3.4 Copper Dynamics (CDs).

• Stage II: 100% to 58% (2011-2016)

The second stage starts with the full amount of Excess Copper (ExCu) at the time the Myozyme Therapy (MT) is started. This must not be necessarily the same amount than in Stage I (2004-2011), because of other possibilities of binding Excess Copper (ExCu), as was the author's case. Relative to the Myozyme Therapy (MT), at the start of this stage, symptoms are at its highest intensity. The author needed approximately 5 years of regular Myozyme Infusions (MIs) to make the first big leap: being able to walk 5 minutes in a row, that is, without having to sit down, or lay down in between.

As indicated by the percentages, almost 42% of total accumulated Excess Copper (ExCu) were needed to be removed before reaching such a seemingly "meager" step forward. The reason for this is because Copper (Cu) is highly toxic and disabling with regards to normal body activity. For the body to be able to resist its negative effects during activity, a big amount of it needs to be removed first out of the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS). Under this perspective, being able to walk 5 minutes in a row without having to sit down for a rest is a huge step forward.

• Stage III: 58% to 25% (2017-2020)

Being able to resist the effects of Copper (Cu) on the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS) implies the body must still struggle with these effects. That is what this stage was for, for stabilizing the previous achievement of Stage II (2011-2016) and further decrease the negative effects of Copper (Cu) on the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS) by a continued reduction of it.

• Stage IV: 25% to 0% (2020-2023)

Lastly, the negative effects from Excess Copper (ExCu) became low enough for the author to be able to sit, move with some difficulty and even speak. Symptoms did not disappear completely when reaching 0% of Excess Copper (ExCu). The reason being that the Nerve State (NSt) still accounted for its share of all symptoms, and now without Excess Copper (ExCu), it was responsible for 100% of the remaining symptoms. The predominant factor among the Nerve State (NSt) that was responsible for the symptoms was the Nerve Pressure (NP).

• 5. Stage V: 0.1% (2023-)

Once all Excess Copper (ExCu) is removed, a reaccumulation occurs during the Myozyme Cycle (MC). As stated above, the amount of Copper (Cu) reaccumulated depends on the amount of Copper (Cu) intake with food. The author applies a low Copper (Cu) diet since 2005/2006, which reduces Copper (Cu) intake to a minimum. Nonetheless, there is still a small amount that reaccumulates during each Myozyme Cycle (MC). This is a high burden for the body. Refer to Copper Burden Effect (CBE) in 1.3.4.1 Copper Burden Effect (CBE). The Copper Burden Effect (CBE) has been experienced mostly during Stage I (2004-2011).


To represent this extremely low amount of reaccumulated Copper (Cu), the symbolic value 0.1% was chosen. It does not reflect any real measured value.

1.3.1 Nerve Paths (NPas)

One of the most important questions since the beginning of Convalescence (C) in 2004 has been where the Excess Copper (ExCu) moves through, or along. The following observations must also be compatible with the answer to this question:


1. It can move around the whole body

2. It must explain the constant vibration felt throughout the body

3. It always moves along the same paths

4. It must explain the symptomatology listed in 1.4 Symptomatology (SYM)

5. It must explain the Pumping-In Processes (PIPs) with its own movement pattern

6. It must form a loop or connection between the front and backside of the body, approximately at the beginning of the lumbar region, called Lumbar Loop Point (LLP):

1.3.1.1 Copper Paths (CuPas)

There is one main Copper Path (CuPa) in the body, that interconnects the frontside and backside of the body at the Lumbar Loop Point (LLP):

1.3.2 Copper Characteristics (CuCha)

Excess Copper (ExCu) can be defined by the following three characteristics:


1. Density

2. Speed

3. Vibrational intensity

1.3.3 Copper Morphology (CuMo)

Excess Copper (ExCu) characteristic Density can be further subdivided into two different density levels:


1. Density

1.1. Flat (also: stream)

1.2. Cumuli

2. Speed

3. Vibrational intensity


The density of Excess Copper (ExCu) is defined as the amount of Excess Copper (ExCu) per area of the Copper Paths (CuPas). Excess Copper (ExCu) with a density level of Cumuli is also just called Copper Cumuli (CC).


Flat Excess Copper (ExCu) is defined as an amount of Excess Copper (ExCu) with a low density. Its characteristics do vary the least from the characteristics of a single imaginary Copper (Cu) ion taken as a reference:

1.3.4 Copper Dynamics (CDs)

The Copper Dynamics (CDs) are based on three interacting elements:


1. Brain Pole (BP)


The Brain Pole (BP) consists of a specific area in the Brain Nucleus (BN):

1.3.4.1 Copper Burden Effect (CBE)

When Excess Copper (ExCu) reaches any nerves for the first time, it causes an immediate effect that is felt across the whole body. The immediate effect comes in form of symptoms like Weakness, Tiredness or lower Body Stamina (BoS).


However, if this same Excess Copper (ExCu) stays in the nerves for a long time, for example several hours upto a whole day, a second effect takes place where the real impact is experimented. In general, this results in a surprising increase of the intensity of symptoms.

The overall effect of Excess Copper (ExCu) on the body, can be defined as an effect that is split into two smaller effects:


1. Immediate

2. Real


The time separation between these two effects correlates exponentially with the amount of Excess Copper (ExCu) that was already in the nerves when the new Excess Copper (ExCu) entered into it:

1.3.4.2 D-Day (DDay)

In the first years of Convalescence (C), from 2004-2011, different situations were experienced. All of them were related to the movement of Excess Copper (ExCu). One such situation was the unexpected consequence of reducing all of Candida Albicans (CA). This led to an Avalanche Effect (AvE) of Excess Copper (ExCu) towards the Brain Pole (BP). Surprisingly, all the Excess Copper (ExCu) took the main Copper Paths (CuPas) along the frontside and backside of the Brain (B) to reach it. Of course, along these Copper Paths (CuPas), it was only possible to reach the Cover of the Headphials (CHPHs), where all of it got accumulated:

1.3.5 Nerve Toxicity Amplifier (NTA)

The most interesting aspect of Excess Copper (ExCu) during a Myozyme Cycle (MC) is the amplifying function that Excess Copper (ExCu) has when combined with most of the Nerve Toxicity (NT) types described in 1.2.2 Nerve Toxicity (NT). Exceptions to this amplifying function are the following types of 1.2.2 Nerve Toxicity (NT):


1. Obnubilation

...

3. Sight

...

5. Irritation

...

8. Ahhhhh


All other types of Nerve Toxicities (NTs) have their effects amplified by Excess Copper (ExCu).


Because of the above, Excess Copper (ExCu) is also considered a Nerve Toxicity Amplifier (NTA).

1.3.6 Liver (L)

The Liver (L) is often not regarded as playing any important role in Pompe Disease (PD). Observations during Myozyme Cycles (MCs), however, have consistently shown the exact opposite. Different subregions across the Liver (L) present different pressure levels or intense prickings, sometimes painful.


The Liver (L) can be divided into 6 smaller regions:

1.3.7 Copper Injection (CI)

Copper Injection (CI) describes the process of injecting Copper (Cu) ions into the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS).


There was only a single event where Copper Injection (CI) could be clearly observed: Ketchup (KET).

1.3.7.1 Ketchup (KET)

In late 2016, after nearly 9 months of hiatus in Myozyme Therapy (MT) because of a Nephrotic Syndrome (NSy), the author restartet the Myozyme Therapy (MT). In one of the first three days after the first Myozyme Infusion (MI), a remarkable event occured. During the day, a sudden pressure was felt in the upper part of the breastbone:

1.4 Symptomatology (SYM)

The symptoms in Pompe Disease (PD) are caused by Nerve Toxicity (NT), Nerve Pressure (NP), and Excess Copper (ExCu). The list of symptoms is relatively long, but has to be considered with the author's background in mind.


In particular, no relevant Nerve Damage (ND) is known by the author, with the exception described in symptom Nerve Damage (ND) below.


The list of symptoms is divided into three categories:

1. Neurological symptoms

2. Psychological symptoms

3. Gastroenterological symptoms


All three categories are interrelated because of the factors that make up Pompe Disease (PD). Just as an example: having more Candida Albicans (CA) may intensify the Gastreoenterological symptoms but it also moves down more Excess Copper (ExCu) and therefore alleviates Neurological symptoms. The opposite is also true, in this case: having less Candida Albicans (CA) alleviates Gastroenterological symptoms, but intensifies Neurological symptoms because more Excess Copper (ExCu) is released into the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS).

1.4.1 Neurological Symptoms (NS)

• Rigidity (R)

Caused by Excess Copper (ExCu). The movement of Excess Copper (ExCu) through the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS), has the effect of the nerves becoming rigid. This Rigidity (R) is not uniform across all of the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS). Based on the level of Rigidity (R), the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS) can be divided into three different sections:

1.4.2 Psychological Symptoms (PS)

Psychological Symptoms (PS) follow a simpler pattern than their neurological counterparts. All Psychological Symptoms (PS), with the exceptions noted below, are caused by Nerve Toxicity (NT) and Excess Copper (ExCu), also amplified by Excess Copper (ExCu).


This reduces the description of these type of symptoms to the following list:

• Suicidal-/Homicidal-Thoughts (SHT)

• Anxiety (Ax)

• Agitation (Ag)

• Emotional Lability (EL)

For the above Psychological Symptoms (PS), the causality table is as follows when amplified by Excess Copper (ExCu):

1.4.3 Gastroenterological Symptoms (GS)

Gastroenterological Symptoms (GS) in Pompe Disease (PD) are almost always related to the presence of Candida Albicans (CA) in the intestines. The common denominator of all of them is that they appear without reason and usual diagnostic methods do not yield any result that could explain the symptoms.


For reference, the result of the author's colonoscopy can be found here, and the result of the gastroscopy here and here. In case of the colonoscopy, this test was done in 2005, when Candida Albicans (CA) growth was at its peak. As the test result shows, no alterations were found.


It is mandatory to understand that Candida Albicans (CA) is not to be treated separately, except in severe cases of Candidiasis. Instead, the event chain leading to Candida Albicans (CA) has to be analyzed to stop further accumulation of Excess Copper (ExCu) (or heavy metals in general) in the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS).


For Pompe Disease (PD), this event chain is the following:

1.4.4 Hypersensitive Patients (HP)

Symptomatology in patients with hypersensitivity, as is the author's case, needs a different approach. Because of the high intensity of symptoms, first and foremost the neurological and Excess Copper (ExCu) related ones, it is often mandatory to stay in bed and bring the body to a state where it is stimulated as less as possible. This has the following advantages:


1. Preventing unnecessary suffering from symptoms

2. Allow the body to restore for any mandatory physical activity


Mandatory physical activity can be eating, drinking, going to the bathroom and Myozyme Therapy (MT), for example.

Because of how the Nerve Level Systems (NLSs) work, laying quiet in bed is the only method of not constantly overburdening both Nerve Level Systems (NLSs). Although sleeping would be even better, keep in mind that sleeping is often not possible because of the symptomatology.


This approach also prevents Nerve Damage (ND) in pre-Stage I phases, i.e. when patients are not yet treated with Myozyme Therapy (MT).


During Convalescence (C), the author was bedridden for more than 14 years in total, from 2004 to 2018.

1.5 Myozyme Therapy (MT)

In consideration of the information presented in this text, the effectiveness of the current Myozyme Therapy (MT) has to be reexamined. The factual reality of the author (with support from his family) of treating Pompe Disease (PD) as a Copper (Cu) based disease, had the unequivocal effect of physical, mental, gastroenterological and psychological recovery of the author, all at once.


In case of the physical recovery, it must be noted that the author continues to have Nerve Pressure (NP) as of today because of the Myozyme Infusions (MIs). Also, reaccumulation of Excess Copper (ExCu) during every Myozyme Cycle (MC) also poses a physical burden, although it is a relatively small one compared to Stage I (2004-2011), for example.


With the accumulated knowledge, the author would like to present a new therapy for Pompe Disease (PD) where all the above optimizations are integrated into. The aim is to create a therapy that can help patients to get rid completely of the disabling Excess Copper (ExCu), as fast as possible. As a result, patients will experience a considerable increase in their quality of life.

1.5.1 Benefits And Drawbacks Of Myozyme Therapy (BADOMT)

There are two benefits, and two drawbacks of Myozyme Therapy (MT).


The two drawbacks are:

1. Nerve Toxicity (NT)

2. Nerve Pressure (NP)


As detailed in chapter NEUROLOGY, the third effect of a Myozyme Infusion (MI), the Myozyme Cycle (MC), can be (and should be) considered a big Toxicity Generator (TG).


The generated Nerve Toxicity (NT) is, as detailed in 1.4 Symptomatology (SYM), directly and indirectly responsible for a myriad of different symptoms. These add up to the symptoms already caused by Excess Copper (ExCu), thus intensifying many of them.


The second drawback is the high Nerve Pressure (NP) generated during the Myozyme Cycle (MC).


Nerve Pressure (NP) is one of the main causes of Breathing Difficulties (BDs), for example. In fact, in higher stages of Excess Copper (ExCu), the only reason for Breathing Difficulty (BD), once the Excess Copper (ExCu) has been removed from the body, is the Nerve Pressure (NP).

The two benefits are:

1. Copper (Cu) retransport

2. Prevention of further Nerve Damage (ND)


The first benefit has already been described in 1.1.3 Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP). The second benefit is related to the Nerve Damage (ND) as a result of continued nerve stimulation during Stages where the patient still has higher amounts of Excess Copper (ExCu). The factors that determine this Nerve Damage (ND), are:


1. Amount of Excess Copper (ExCu)

2. Level of nerve activity


The higher both factors are, the higher the probability of a resulting Nerve Damage (ND). See the Table Tennis Day (TTD), in symptom Nerve Damage (ND), in 1.4.1 Neurological Symptoms (NS) for details.


During the Myozyme Cycle (MC), Nerve Damage (ND) becomes extremely difficult. This observation makes the Myozyme Therapy (MT) ideal for allowing the patient to become more tolerant to Nerve Damage (ND). It is important to note that this also means the patient has more Body Stamina (BoS) and therefore body activity can be increased, without Nerve Damage (ND).

1.5.2 Myozyme Catastrophe II (MCAT-II)

From 2012/2013 onwards, the Myozyme Infusions (MIs) had to be prepared in health care clean rooms. Whenever the author arrived at the hospital, the bag with Myozyme (M) would be delivered from a different facility with such clean rooms.


In two occasions, the Infusion Bag (IB) was visibly turbid, and contained remarkably visible particles. The first time this occured, the Infusion Bag (IB) was immediately discarded by the nurse. But the second time, the turbidity was not obvious enough to discard the Infusion Bag (IB) immediately, and the author was connected to it, as usual. The Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) started, and after about 10 minutes of infusion, the filter along the tubing set got so filled up with the particles from the Infusion Bag (IB), that it became obvious that this Infusion Bag (IB) had to be discarded too. The author was kindly asked to return the next day for a new Infusion Bag (IB).


The next day, a new Infusion Bag (IB) arrived. When the author was connected to it, surprisingly, the Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) started for a second time in 24 hours. Because of prior similar events, where the Myozyme Infusion (MI) would get interrupted because of other examinations, the author already knew that an interruption of approximately 6 hours would not result in a second Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) being started.

This new insight proved that a cooldown of at least 24 hours would start two different Copper ReTransport Processes (CRTPs). This cooldown time is defined as Reactivation Interval (RI), based on the single fact that the Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) could be started again or, reactivated, for a second time.


For practical purposes, this meant that the usual Myozyme Therapy (MT) was being, at least, 50% inefficient.


Because of this inefficiency, and the therapeutical consequences for patients with Pompe Disease (PD), this phenomenon is called the Myozyme Catastrophe II (MCAT-II). The associated Myozyme Miracle (MM-II) consists in administering the Myozyme Infusion (MI) on two consecutive days. With some amount of Myozyme (M) on day one, and the rest of the Myozyme Infusion (MI) starting on day two. Specific values are given in 1.5.3 New Pompe Therapy (NPT).

1.5.3 New Pompe Therapy (NPT)

The New Pompe Therapy (NPT) consists of two parts:


1. Low Copper (Cu) diet, the same as for patients with Wilson Disease (WD)

2. Modified Myozyme Therapies (MTs) that include the Myozyme Miracles (MMs) as described in 1.1.2.3 Myozyme Catastrophe I (MCAT-I) and 1.5.2 Myozyme Catastrophe II (MCAT-II).

3. Removal of residual Excess Copper (ExCu). Refer to 2.2.2.2.2 Candida Curatio (CaCu) for details.


As a quick reminder, these are the typical steps of a usual Myozyme Infusion (MI):


1. IV is inserted

2. Connection to the Infusion Bag (IB) is established

3. Energization starts inside the body, i.e. Energization Mode (EM) switches from 0 to 1

4. Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) executes

5. The infusion device is started and the infusion starts

6. Remaining Myozyme (M) is infused

7. Energization stops inside the body, i.e. Energization Mode (EM) switches from 1 to 0

8. Line-Flushing Cycle (LFC) is executed

9. IV is removed

10. Finished


The above steps assume a tubing set which is already filled with part of the Myozyme Solution (MS). The same applies to the next variations.


The usual Myozyme Infusion (MI) results in a Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) of approximately 40 seconds by using a Short Infusion Cycle (SIC). This type of Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) is taken as a base reference for the other types of Myozyme Infusions (MIs) listed below. It is indicated by the field Efficiency and a number relative to this base reference. So, the usual Myozyme Therapy (MT) would have:


Efficiency: 1


Applying Myozyme Miracle I (MM-I):


1. IV is inserted

2. Connection to the Infusion Bag (IB) is established

3. Energization starts inside the body, i.e. Energization Mode (EM) switches from 0 to 1

4. Wait 9 seconds for the Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) to start

5. Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) starts

6. Immediately disconnect the tubing set from the needle

7. Energization stops inside the body, i.e. Energization Mode (EM) switches from 1 to 0

8. Wait 00:02:35,00 (2 minutes, 35 seconds) for the Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) to end

9. Reconnect the tubing set to the needle

10. Energization starts inside the body, i.e. Energization Mode (EM) switches from 0 to 1

11. The infusion device is started and the infusion starts

12. Remaining Myozyme (M) is infused

13. Energization stops inside the body, i.e. Energization Mode (EM) switches from 1 to 0

14. Line-Flushing Cycle (LFC) is executed

15. IV is removed

16. Finished


Summary: The above steps cause a Myozyme Infusion (MI) with a Long Infusion Cycle (LIC). Also, it is important to disconnect the tubing set, not just interrupt the flow of Myozyme (M) using, for example, a three-way valve or similar. Please refer to 1.1.2.3 Myozyme Catastrophe I (MCAT-I) for details. This type of Myozyme Infusion (MI) results in a Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) of approximately 2 minutes and 35 seconds by using a Long Infusion Cycle (LIC).


Efficiency: (2 * 60 + 35) / 40 = 3,875

Applying Myozyme Miracle II (MM-II):


- Day 1 after a full Myozyme Cycle (MC)


1. IV is inserted

2. Connection to the Infusion Bag (IB) is established

3. Energization starts inside the body, i.e. Energization Mode (EM) switches from 0 to 1

4. Wait 9 seconds for the Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) to start

5. Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) starts

6. Wait 00:40:00,00 (40 seconds) for the Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) to end

7. Immediately disconnect the tubing set from the needle

8. Energization stops inside the body, i.e. Energization Mode (EM) switches from 1 to 0

9. IV is removed

10. Finished


- Day 2 after a full Myozyme Cycle (MC)


1. IV is inserted

2. Connection to the Infusion Bag (IB) is established

3. Energization starts inside the body, i.e. Energization Mode (EM) switches from 0 to 1

4. Wait 9 seconds for the Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) to start

5. Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) starts

6. Wait 00:40:00,00 (40 seconds) for the Copper ReTransport Process (CRTP) to end

7. The infusion device is started and the infusion starts

8. Remaining Myozyme (M) is infused

9. Energization stops inside the body, i.e. Energization Mode (EM) switches from 1 to 0

10. Line-Flushing Cycle (LFC) is executed

11. IV is removed

12. Finished


Summary: This type of Myozyme Infusion (MI) results in two Copper ReTransport Processes (CRTPs) of approximately 40 seconds each.


Efficiency: 2 * 40 / 40 = 2

1. Copper Discharge (CD)

During Convalescence (C), the author tested six different methods for discharging Excess Copper (ExCu) from the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS). These methods are presented in chronological order, along with details about its effects.


The reason for being integrated into this chapter, is because four of them are required to reach the stomach in order to unfold its Copper Discharging (CDing) effects.

1.1 Chlorella Algae (ChA)

The Chlorella Algae (ChA) was the first Copper Discharge (CD) method tested during Stage I (2004-2011). It comes in form of small and smelly green pills, with a plant-based flavour:

1.2 Detox Device (DxD)

The Detox Device (DxD) was the second Copper Discharge (CD) method tested during Stage I (2004-2011). It comes in form of a device, usually in white color, of the size of a wash-bowl:

1.3 Trientine (T)

Trientine (T) was the third Copper Discharge (CD) method tested during Stage I (2004-2011), specifically from 2006 to 2008. It comes in form of brownish coloured capsules:

1.4 Wilzin (W)

Wilzin (W) was the fourth Copper Discharge (CD) method tested during Stage I (2004-2011), specifically from 2007 to 2009. It comes in form of orange coloured capsules:

1.5 Myozyme (M)

Myozyme (M) was the fifth Copper Discharge (CD) method tested, starting in Stage II (2011-2016). Myozyme (M) is taken as an infusion. The Myozyme Infusion (MI) and its effects are detailed in 1. Myozyme Infusion (MI).


As a quick reminder, the parameters related to Trientine (T) are:


Short Infusion Cycle (SIC): 1:80, i.e. 1 Myozyme Infusion (MI) with Short Infusion Cycle (SIC) is equivalent to 80 capsules of Trientine (T)

Long Infusion Cycle (LIC): 1:308, i.e. 1 Myozyme Infusion (MI) with Long Infusion Cycle (LIC) is equivalent to 308 capsules of Trientine (T)


The drawback of Myozyme (M) is that it can only be applied once every 14 days. The author has had a total of 290 Myozyme Infusions (MIs) from 30.03.2011 to 05.10.2023.

1.5.1. Nexviadyme (Nex)

The effect of Nexviadyme (Nex) is the same as for Myozyme (M).

1.6 Selenium (Sn)

Selenium (Sn) was the sixth Copper Discharge (CD) method tested, starting in Stage V (2023-).


Selenium (Sn) is a trace mineral and antioxidant used for treatment of cancer, heart diseases, Parkinson or Alzheimer.


The Selenium (Sn) used came in form of pills:

1.6.1 Myozyme Infusion vs. Selenium (MISn)

A comparison of Myozyme Infusion (MI) and Selenium (Sn) can be helpful to better understand the differences.

• Cycles

2. Candida Albicans (CA)

In the beginning of Stage I (2004-2011), not only Excess Copper (ExCu) could be observed moving around the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS). Also the growth and reduction of a different, at the time unknown entity could be observed in the lower part of the small intestines: On growth, part of the Excess Copper (ExCu) would be attracted towards the small intestines until getting trapped, feeling almost like a beamer from a sci-fi movie. On reduction, however, the once trapped Excess Copper (ExCu) would be released again and move upwards again. If a reduction happened during attraction of Excess Copper (ExCu), it would just change direction and move upwards again:

2.1 Candida Albicans Morphology (CAM)

Candida Albicans (CA) is present in the body in form of a strongly rooted tree:

2.2 Candida Albicans Dynamics (CADs)

Candida Albicans Dynamics (CADs) details the function of Candida Albicans (CA).

2.2.1 Dispersion (Disp)

Candida Albicans (CA) begins growth at a specific point in the intestinal region, called the Candida House (CH):

2.2.1.1 Pyramidal Growth Principle (PGP)

The dispersion pattern creates a Candida Tree (CT), which is almost always strongly rooted. Being strongly rooted refers to the Pyramidal Growth Principle (PGP):

2.2.1.2 Candida Surface Hardening (CSH)

The growth of Candida Albicans (CA) is perceived as an increase of pressure or hardening in the affected body regions. This pressure correlates with the number of Candida Layers (CLs), and is called Candida Surface Hardening (CSH).


It is relevant to understanding some of the symptoms. Refer to 1.4.3 Gastroenterological Symptoms (GS) for further details.

2.2.1.3 Candida Bite (CBi)

When Candida Albicans (CA) spreads its Candida Tree (CT) along the body, it shows a distinctive behavior on some body regions. One such distinct behavior is the so called Candida Bite (CBi), which consists of sporadic attempts of trespassing certain boundaries, and which are perceived as a somewhat painful bite.


Candida Bites (CBis) have been observed predominantly on the surface of the liver, and sometimes on the lungs:

2.2.1.4 Candida Massacre (CaMa)

During Stage I (2004-2011), when the amount of Excess Copper (ExCu) was at its peak, growth of Candida Albicans (CA) was very strong.


One day, an interesting event happened. Candida Albicans (CA) had spread throughout the whole body, as usual, but it was not enough to move some of the Excess Copper (ExCu), so it did continue to grow. The author estimates the highest Candida Layer (CL) in the root to be approximately 8 or 9, and also the lungs were spread into and onto.


Without any warning, all of the Candida Tree (CT) was suddenly decomposed in a matter of a fraction of a second.

The result was an Avalanche Effect (AvE).


This event was meaningful because it implies that the body has full control over Candida Albicans (CA), and stimulates or not its growth as it needs to, even killing it alltogether if it becomes too big. The event described above is called Candida Massacre (CaMa) and is, along with the automatic reduction of Candida Albicans (CA) when Excess Copper (ExCu) is removed, a reminder of this fact.

2.2.1.5 Candida Overstimulation (CO)

Candida Albicans (CA) is highly stimulated by sugary foods and drinks. In presence of Candida Albicans (CA) in the body, this stimulation increases depending on the location of the foods or drinks, with the mouth resulting in the lowest stimulation and the small intestine in the highest.


The highest stimulation in the small intestine occurs some time after intake, in contrast to stimulation from foods or drinks in the mouth.


In general, stimulation means either growth, which includes energization of the whole Candida Tree (CT), or only energization of the whole Candida Tree (CT) without growth. In particular, it does not only refer to stimulation of the root or of a specific branch. This growth or energisation is perceived as an increase of pressure in the body regions where Candida Albicans (CA) has spread onto. Therefore, the intake of sugary foods or drinks has always an effect of increasing pressure in these body regions:

2.2.1.6 Candida in Black (CiB)

The following animation shows, on a more humorous note, how the function of Candida Albicans (CA) of moving and trapping Excess Copper (ExCu) has always been perceived by the author:

2.2.2 Copper Binding (CB)

Copper Binding (CB) is the process that consists of moving the Excess Copper (ExCu) and trapping it. This section continues where the previous section left off. For the rest of this section, it is assumed that the necessary Candida Tree (CT) for reaching the Excess Copper (ExCu) throughout the body has already spread.


Candida Albicans (CA) has only one goal: to trap all Excess Copper (ExCu) in the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS), so it can't cause any damage to it.


This section details the functional aspects of Candida Albicans (CA) in the role of the Intestinal Pole (IP).

2.2.2.1 Copper Movement (CM)

Copper Movement (CM) is the first step in the process of Copper Binding (CB). It consists in moving the Excess Copper (ExCu) towards regions where it can be trapped. Because the biggest and most damaging accumulation of Excess Copper (ExCu) occurs in the Accumulation Zones (AZs), it is the Excess Copper (ExCu) from these zones the one which normally gets moved downwards as soon as possible:

2.2.2.2 Copper Trapping (CuT)

Copper Trapping (CuT) consists of trapping the Excess Copper (ExCu) so that it cannot move anymore.


Candida Albicans (CA) is an entity that has to split its energy between moving and trapping Excess Copper (ExCu). Normally, this means that farther away branches are only the fastest possible connection between the root and the Excess Copper (ExCu) that should be trapped. But this also means, that these branches have as its main function to serve as a path to move the Excess Copper (ExCu) to the root, where the strongest presence of Candida Albicans (CA) can be found and therefore, the most efficient trapping can occur:

2.2.2.2.1 Candida Paradox (CaPa)

The Candida Paradox (CaPa) is an unusual situation ocurred during Stage I (2004-2011), where growth of Candida Albicans (CA) did not lead to an outbreak, although both Accumulation Zones (AZs) had plenty of Excess Copper (ExCu) accumulated in them and symptoms were aleady present:

2.2.2.2.2 Candida Curatio (CaCu)

The Candida Curatio (CaCu) is the situation reached after Candida Albicans (CA) was able to move and trap all Excess Copper (ExCu) from the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS). This was also the situation prior to Candidax (DAX). All Excess Copper (ExCu) accumulated in the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS) throughout the author's life, had been immediately moved and trapped by Candida Albicans (CA). The added burden for the body that comes along with higher amounts of Candida Albicans (CA) were not perceived because there was no notion of not having it, so that the burdened situation was assumed as being the state of normal health.

2.2.2.3 Candida Pulse (CaPu)

The Candida Pulse (CaPu) defines the behavior of Candida Albicans (CA) in the predominant situation of not being able to move and trap all of the Excess Copper (ExCu) from the Pompe affected Nervous System (PaNS).


This behavior consists of pulses with two phases:


1. Copper Binding (CB)

2. Copper Release (CR)


Copper Binding (CB) is detailed above, in 2.2.2 Copper Binding (CB).


Copper Release (CR) is the process that consists of releasing some of the trapped Excess Copper (ExCu) or stopping attraction of Excess Copper (ExCu) that is being attracted, or a combination of both.

3. Interaction (I)

The Interaction (I) serves as a visual example of how any treatment for Pompe Disease (PD) would look like over time by using methods of Copper Discharging (CDing).

4. Copper Diseases: A new member in the family (FAM)

Pompe Disease (PD) can be understood as a new Copper Disease (CoDi), albeit with a significant neurological involvement, and does therefore fit best into this family of diseases, among Wilson Disease (WD), Menkes Disease (MD) and its milder variant Occipital Horn Syndrome (OHS).


In all these four diseases, there are three factors that play a major role:


1. Copper intake (mainly by food, but includes any other means too, like vaccines)
2. Copper transport
3. Broad phenotypic spectrum


Because of these factors, which are shared by all of them, the author proposes a single representation for all four diseases by focusing entirely on the transport of copper, creating thereby a Copper Transport Chain (CTC):